________ means to prove the identity of the entity that tries to access the system’sresources.

A(n) _________ can be used to preserve the integrity of a document or a message.

In the sending computer, UDP sends a data unit to the _______ layer.

In the sending computer, UDP receives a data unit from the _______ layer.

UDP and TCP are both _______ layer protocols.

Which of the following functions does UDP perform?

UDP needs the _______ address to deliver the user datagram to the correct applicationprocess.

When the IP layer of a receiving host receives a datagram, _______.

A(n) ________function creates a message digest out of a message.

A hash function must meet ________ criteria.